The study published in Nutrients 2017 analyses changes in the microbiota and their metabolites after a 5-day treatment with dosages of 2–5 g Lactulose per day using a computer-controlled in vitro model of the proximal large intestine. Bothe and colleagues observed that 2 g of daily Lactulose already increased the short-chain fatty acid levels of the intestinal content but a dosage of 5 g Lactulose per day exerted the full beneficial effect on microbiota composition and metabolic activity. (Bothe, et al. Nutrients 2017;9:767.)